The default responsive layout is: take the desktop columns and stack them. It always fits and is rarely right. A hero image that sat beside the headline ends up a screen below it. A two-plan pricing table becomes a long scroll where the second plan is never seen. A dashboard's sidebar takes the whole first screen. Responsive art direction means deciding, for each width, what the page should be there.
Purpose
Produce a deliberate composition at phone, tablet and desktop widths, where every important element has a decided role at each width, and the most important thing is still the most visible.
Use when
- Building a new page or section that has images, multiple columns, or a strong first screen.
- A phone layout "works" but feels like the desktop page squeezed.
- Reviewing a design that was only drawn at desktop width.
Don't use when
- You're looking for defects (overflow, tiny text, small targets). Use
/responsive-auditfirst; this skill assumes nothing is broken. - The section is a simple single column of text. Stacking is the right answer there.
Inputs
- The desktop design, or the current page, captured at 390, 768, 1280 and 1920 (
/screenshot-iterationhas the script). - The one thing each section must communicate. If you don't know it, you can't decide what survives on a phone.
- The real content: actual image crops, real text lengths, real data. Placeholder text hides the problems.
Process
1. Rank each section's elements
For every section, list its elements and rank them: what must be seen first, what supports it, what's optional. On a phone, the first item gets the first screen.
2. Decide each element's behaviour, per width
For every element, choose one behaviour at each width:
| Behaviour | When it's right | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Stays | It's essential and fits. | A headline, the primary action. |
| Moves | Its position served a desktop layout, not the content. | An image beside the text goes below it, or above it if it carries the message. |
| Re-crops | The subject still matters, the frame doesn't fit. | A wide hero image cropped to the subject, not just scaled down. |
| Shrinks | It's supporting, and smaller still reads. | A decorative illustration at 70% width. |
| Recomposes | The arrangement itself must change. | A 3-column feature grid becomes a swipeable row, a table becomes stacked rows, a sidebar becomes a menu. |
| Disappears | It's decoration, or duplicates something else on the page. | A second illustration, a background flourish, a repeated call to action. |
Write this down as a small table per section before touching the CSS.
3. Set type and density per width
- Type: the largest headline should still be dramatic on a phone, but measure it: no single word should be cut, and two to three lines is the usual maximum. Use
clamp()with a real minimum. - Density: phones need fewer things per screen, not the same things smaller. Cut secondary text, merge small items, and give the remaining ones room.
- Spacing: vertical gaps between sections shrink less than you'd think; cramped sections read as one.
4. Check touch and reach
- Interactive targets at least 44×44px, with space between neighbours.
- Primary actions within thumb reach on the first screen when they matter.
- Nothing important only on hover.
5. Check the in-between width
Tablet (around 768) is where most layouts fail: too wide for the phone layout, too narrow for the desktop one. Decide it on purpose. Often the right answer is the phone layout with more room, or a two-column version of something that's three columns on desktop.
6. Capture and judge
Capture all four widths and check one question at each: is the most important thing still the most visible? Then run /responsive-audit for defects.
Acceptance criteria
- Every section has a written behaviour (stays, moves, re-crops, shrinks, recomposes, disappears) for its key elements at phone and tablet.
- At 390 wide, each section's most important element is visible without scrolling past something less important.
- Images are cropped for each width where the subject matters, not only scaled.
- No headline word breaks mid-word; touch targets are at least 44px.
- The 768 layout was designed, not inherited.
Common failure modes
- Stack by default. Every multi-column section becomes a single column in source order, regardless of importance.
- Shrink everything. The desktop composition at 40% scale: tiny type, tiny images, the same number of elements.
- Hiding content that matters to save space, instead of recomposing it.
- Keeping decoration that only worked at desktop width: an illustration that now sits alone between two sections.
- Forgetting tablet: the phone layout stretched to 768, or the desktop layout crushed to it.
- Testing with placeholder content, so real names, prices and translations break the layout later.
Final self-review
- Did I decide each key element's behaviour at phone and tablet, rather than letting it stack?
- Is the most important thing visible first at 390?
- Did the images get crops, not just smaller sizes?
- Does 768 look designed?
- Did I run
/responsive-auditafterwards for defects?
Copyable instruction
Art-direct this layout for phone and tablet; don't just stack the desktop columns.
1. Capture it at 390, 768, 1280 and 1920 wide.
2. For each section, rank its elements: what must be seen first, what supports it, what's optional.
3. For each key element, decide its behaviour at phone and tablet: stays, moves, re-crops,
shrinks, recomposes (e.g. grid to row, table to stacked rows) or disappears. Write it down first.
4. Set headline size, density and spacing per width; phones get fewer things, not smaller things.
5. Keep touch targets at least 44px and nothing important hover-only.
6. Design 768 on purpose.
Verify by capturing again: at each width the most important thing must be the most visible.